Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Clinical Study
Prevalent Rate of Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Event in Korean Type 2 Diabetes: Hye Won Lee, A Ra Jo, Dong Won Yi, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(4):577-585. Published online December 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.577

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Background

Nonalbuminuric renal insufficiency is a unique category of diabetic kidney diseases. The objectives of the study were to evaluate prevalent rate of nonalbuminuric renal insufficiency and to investigate its relationship with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) event in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Laboratory and clinical data of 1,067 subjects with T2DM were obtained and reviewed. Study subjects were allocated into four subgroups according to the CKD classification. Major CVD events were included with coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular events.

Results

Nonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group, when compared with albuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group, had shorter diabetic duration, lower concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lower prevalent rates of retinopathy and previous CVD, and higher rate of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers. Nonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group showed a greater association with prior CVD events than no CKD group; however, albuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group made addition to increase prevalence of prior CVD events significantly when CKD categories were applied as covariates. Association of prior CVD events, when compared with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and nonalbuminuria categories, became significant for declined eGFR, which was higher for eGFR of <30 mL/min/1.73 m², and albuminuria.

Conclusion

The results show that subjects with nonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD is significantly interrelated with occurrence of prior CVD events than those with normal eGFR with or without albuminuria. Comparing with normal eGFR and nonalbuminuria categories, the combination of increased degree of albuminuria and declined eGFR is becoming significant for the association of prior CVD events.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Update on pathogenesis and diagnosis flow of normoalbuminuric diabetes with renal insufficiency
Le Deng, Wenjie Li, Gaosi Xu
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetic kidney disease: new clinical and therapeutic issues. Joint position statement of the Italian Diabetes Society and the Italian Society of Nephrology on “The natural history of diabetic kidney disease and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with
Giuseppe Pugliese, Giuseppe Penno, Andrea Natali, Federica Barutta, Salvatore Di Paolo, Gianpaolo Reboldi, Loreto Gesualdo, Luca De Nicola
Journal of Nephrology.2020; 33(1): 9. CrossRef
Diabetic kidney disease: New clinical and therapeutic issues. Joint position statement of the Italian Diabetes Society and the Italian Society of Nephrology on “The natural history of diabetic kidney disease and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with
Giuseppe Pugliese, Giuseppe Penno, Andrea Natali, Federica Barutta, Salvatore Di Paolo, Gianpaolo Reboldi, Loreto Gesualdo, Luca De Nicola
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2019; 29(11): 1127. CrossRef
Soluble Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Levels Are Associated with Decreased Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Eun-Hee Cho, Sang-Wook Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 97. CrossRef
STORIA NATURALE DELLA MALATTIA RENALE NEL DIABETE E TRATTAMENTO DELL’IPERGLICEMIA NEI PAZIENTI CON DIABETE DI TIPO 2 E RIDOTTA FUNZIONE RENALE

il Diabete.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62. CrossRef
Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency: Can It Be a Novel Category of Diabetic Nephropathy?
Masami Tanaka, Hiroshi Itoh
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(4): 533. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Prevalence of Reduced Kidney Function by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Using an Equation Based on Creatinine and Cystatin C in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Korean Adults: Yang Ho Kang, Dong Wook Jeong, Seok Man Son; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):446-453. Published online August 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.446

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

It is known that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with chronic kidney disease. We evaluated and compared the prevalence of reduced kidney function in MetS and its components by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using an equation based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) in Korean adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from 3,649 adults who participated in a comprehensive health examination.

Results

Mean values of eGFRcys were higher compared with mean values of eGFRcr (96.1±18.2 mL/min/1.73 m² vs. 91.2±13.6 mL/min/1.73 m²) in total subjects. The prevalence of reduced kidney function increased with age (9.6% for eGFRcys vs. 5.8% for eGFRcr-cys vs. 4.9% for eGFRcr, in subjects aged ≥60 years), and significantly increased with MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), and high insulin resistance. The prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high insulin resistance, low HDL, and hepatic steatosis was significantly increased in subjects with reduced kidney function. This increased prevalence and the odds ratio of reduced kidney function for prevalence of MetS was highest for eGFRcys, followed by those of eGFRcr-cys, and eGFRcr.

Conclusion

The prevalence of reduced kidney function by eGFR was significantly increased in subjects with MetS and its related components. eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys were superior to eGFRcr in detecting reduced kidney function.

Citations

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Association Between CST3 Gene Polymorphisms and Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke
Yarong Ding, Zhe Xu, Yuesong Pan, Xia Meng, Xianglong Xiang, Hao Li, Liping Liu, Yongjun Wang
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term effects of various types of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on changes in glomerular filtration rate in Korea
Seo Yeon Baik, Hyunah Kim, So Jung Yang, Tong Min Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Hyunyong Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Hun-Sung Kim
Frontiers of Medicine.2019; 13(6): 713. CrossRef
Gender specific association of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D with metabolic syndrome in population with preserved renal function
Min-Hee Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Dong-Jun Lim, Jung-Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Moo-Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
PROBLEM OF THE ASSESMENT OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN OBESITY
A. V. Smirnov, I. G. Kayukov, A. Sh. Rumyantsev
Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg).2017; 21(2): 20. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolism
Comparison of Serum Ferritin and Vitamin D in Association with the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults: Dong Wook Jeong, Hye Won Lee, Young Hye Cho, Dong Won Yi, Sang Yeoup Lee, Seok Man Son, Yang Ho Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):479-488. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.479

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Background

Increased serum ferritin and decreased vitamin D levels associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, their association with the severity of NAFLD has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the association of serum ferritin and 25(OH)D₃ levels with the severity of ultrasonographically detected NAFLD (US-NAFLD) and hepatic steatosis defined by fatty liver index (FLI) in Korean adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of clinical and anthropometric data, including serum ferritin and 25(OH)D₃, from men (n=295) and women (n=263) who underwent a routine health check-up in 2012.

Results

In men, with an increase in the quartile of serum ferritin level, the incidences of subjects with metabolic syndrome (P=0.002), US-NAFLD (P=0.041), and FLI ≥60 (P=0.010) were significantly elevated. In women, the incidence of subjects with US-NAFLD was also significantly elevated with increases in the serum ferritin quartile (P=0.012). Regarding 25(OH)D₃, no statistical differences were observed among the different quartiles in either gender. Serum ferritin level significantly increased as the severity of US-NAFLD increased (P<0.001); however, no significant differences in 25(OH)D₃ level were observed in men. No significant differences in either serum ferritin or 25(OH)D₃ level were observed among women with different levels of severity of US-NAFLD.

Conclusion

Increased serum ferritin level showed a closer association with severity of NAFLD compared with level of serum vitamin D, suggesting that serum ferritin level may be a better marker than vitamin D level for predicting the severity of US-NAFLD and hepatic steatosis in a clinical setting.

Citations

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Qi Sheng, Huanchen Shi, Shousheng Liu, Likun Zhuang, Zhenzhen Zhao, Yongning Xin
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(1): 39. CrossRef
2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Michael H. Le, Yee Hui Yeo, Xiaohe Li, Jie Li, Biyao Zou, Yuankai Wu, Qing Ye, Daniel Q. Huang, Changqing Zhao, Jie Zhang, Chenxi Liu, Na Chang, Feng Xing, Shiping Yan, Zi Hui Wan, Natasha Sook Yee Tang, Maeda Mayumi, Xinting Liu, Chuanli Liu, Fajuan Rui,
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 20(12): 2809. CrossRef
Do Vitamin D Levels Affect Bone Mineral Density in Reproductive Women with Low Ferritin Levels?
Hatice Hamarat, Göknur Yorulmaz, Ayşe Ekim Aydemir, Emel Örge Gönüllü, Ahmet Musmul, Sinem Gürcü
Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis.2022; 28(1): 26. CrossRef
Associations between Abnormal Iron Metabolism and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in Adults
Xin Su, Danping Zhang, Zhe Chen, Xu Han, Peichen Xia, Minhao Yin, Hong Zhu
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ferritin as a key risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity
Junfeng Zhang, Jiajia Cao, Hui Xu, Guanping Dong, Ke Huang, Wei Wu, Jingjing Ye, Junfen Fu
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum ferritin level as a noninvasive marker for detection and staging of hepatocellular injury, liver fibrosis, and steatosis in children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
AhmedA Hassan, MohieeE.-D.A El-Aziz Awad, HananH Soliman, RedaA.F Usef, DinaS Ata
Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics.2021; 34(3): 253. CrossRef
Low vitamin D level was associated with metabolic syndrome and high leptin level in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a community-based study
Li-Wei Chen, Cheng-Hung Chien, Sheng-Fong Kuo, Chia-Ying Yu, Chih-Lang Lin, Rong-Nan Chien
BMC Gastroenterology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Vitamin D Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Confounding Variables
Lucia Pacifico, John F. Osborn, Enea Bonci, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Claudio Chiesa
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 19(4): 310. CrossRef
The association between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome in Korean women: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012
Hyun Yoon, Nan Young Bae, Mi Young Gi, Bu Yeon Park, Jeong Min Seong
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition.2017; 61(1): 60. CrossRef
Gender difference in relationship between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Korean adults
Jeong Min Seong, Yo Sang Yoon, Kyu Su Lee, Nan Young Bae, Mi Young Gi, Hyun Yoon, Andrzej T Slominski
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(5): e0177722. CrossRef
The Association of Serum Ferritin and Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome Score in Korean Adults
Hyun Yoon, Jae Seong Go, Kang Uk Kim, Keon Woo Lee
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2016; 48(4): 287. CrossRef
AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses the expression of LXR/SREBP-1 signaling-induced ANGPTL8 in HepG2 cells
Jinmi Lee, Seok-Woo Hong, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Cheol-Young Park, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Won-Young Lee
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2015; 414: 148. CrossRef
Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Subacute Thyroiditis Associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Takayasu's Arteritis.: Dongwon Yi, Seung Hoon Baek, Seok Man Son, Yang Ho Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(4):324-329. Published online December 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.4.324

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Abstract PDF: Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limiting inflammation of the thyroid, presenting with painful thyroid swelling, thyrotoxicosis and low radioactive iodine uptake. The characteristic US findings for this disease are focal ill-defined hypoechoic areas in one lobe or diffuse hypoechoic areas in both lobes. Thyroid carcinomas should be included in the differential diagnosis for a lesion with focal hypoechoic areas and have been rarely reported to coexist with subacute thyroiditis. Takayasu's arteritis is an autoimmune disease that affects the aorta and its branches as well as pulmonary arteries. Subacute thyroiditis associated with Takayasu's arteritis is extremely rare, with only three cases being reported. We report here on the first case with the simultaneous diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis, papillary thyroid carcinoma and Takayasu's arteritis.

Original Article

Alanine Aminotransferase as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Koreans.: Ji Hae Kwon, Yong Seong An, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):404-412. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.404

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Abstract PDF

AIMS: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with insulin resistance, and is independent of the general metabolic measures. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as a predictor of diabetes mellitus. We analyzed which of ALT or GGT is better tool to preestimate the development of metabolic syndrome. METHOD: A total of 1203 Koreans who visited the Institute of Health in Pusan National University Hospital from January 2005 to August 2006 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their median age was 51 years old, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.4% (n = 197). We excluded the subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and viral hepatitis or those subjects with a level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamyltransferase (r-GGT) > 80 IU/L. RESULTS: For all the patients in the metabolic syndrome group, the median homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the waist circumference, the fasting blood glucose level, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). For the nonmetabolic syndrome group, all the metabolic risk factors were associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, after correction for age, alcohol intake, HOMA-IR and body mass index, the logALT maintained a highly predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and this was better than the logGGT [odds ratio (OR) of logALT: 18.489, odds ratio of logGGT: 2.024] (P < 0.001). The risk of developing metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the above 50 percentile and the above 75 percentile of ALT than in the lowest quartile. [for men - OR: 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-5.9; OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.3-10.9] [for women - OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 3.8-11] (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of ALT by the ROC curve was 24 IU/L for men (sensitivity: 64.3%, specificity: 66%, negative predictive value: 99.5%) and 20 IU/L for women (sensitivity: 78.9%, specificity: 61.4%, negative predictive value: 84.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Even although patients can have an ALT level that's included within the upper normal level, we may consider the probability that these patients will have metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, in our analysis, the ALT level is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than the GGT level.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nutritional Status of Hypertensive Men in Gyeongnam Area
Hae-Jin Park, Ye-Ji Choi, Sung-Hee Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(4): 297. CrossRef
Risks of borderline liver enzyme abnormalities to the incidence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus: a 7 year follow up study of workers
Jin-Hyun Yu, Jin-Seok Kim, Mee-Ra Lee, Seong-Yong Yoon, Seong-Yong Cho, Seung-Hyun Yoo, Boo-Il Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Risk Factors of Elderly Residents in Andong Rural Area 2. Based on the Biochemical Measurements and Nutrient Intakes
Hye-Sang Lee, Chong-Suk Kwon
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(10): 1459. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of an Adrenal Hemangioma Mimicking a Pancreatic Tail Tumor.: Yun kyong Jeon, Ji Ryang Kim, Yong Seong An, Ji Hae Kwon, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(1):62-65. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.1.62

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Abstract PDF: Adrenal hemangiomas are rare non-functioning tumors that originate from the retroperitoneal organs. They are generally asymptomatic, and are usually discovered at autopsy. In 1955, Johnson and Jeppensen reported the first case of a surgically removed adrenal hemangioma. We report a case of adrenal hemangioma that mimicked a pancreatic tail tumor, as detected by computed tomography. We made a diagnosis of an adrenal hemangioma from endoscopic ultrasonography and confirmed the diagnosis following a laparascopic adrenalectomy. If one is suspicious of an adrenal hemangioma, one needs to assess the lesion from every aspect. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques in arteriography, ultrasound, and computed tomography, the frequency of preoperative recognition and diagnosis is on the increase. Still, it is difficult to diagnose an adrenal hemangioma just from an imaging study. One should consider performing surgery for removal of the tumor to rule out a malignancy, and to prevent traumatic rupture. With the case presentation, we review the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of adrenal hemangiomas.

A Case of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Pelvic Retroperitoneum with Hypoglycemia.: Ji Ryang Kim, Yun Kyung Jeun, Kee Tae Park, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Kwang Jae Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(6):440-445. Published online December 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.6.440

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Abstract PDF: Hypoglycemia caused by a non-islet cell tumor (NICT) is a rare condition. The mechanism of NICT-induced hypoglycemia is still unclear, but insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) has been thought to play a major role in its development. NICT is usually of mesenchymal or epithelial cell origin, but reports on NICT of an endothelial cell origin, which causes hypoglycemia, have yet to surface. Here, we report on a case of a 63-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-induced hypoglycemia. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a borderline malignant vascular tumor that is of endothelial cell origin and usually occurs in soft tissue, skin, lung, and liver. It was observed that serum insulin, C-peptide, and IGF-I were reduced, but the IGF-II level was elevated in hypoglycemia. The PET-CT showed no abnormal glucose metabolism in the tumor. Dextrose fluid was administered to the patient to control hypoglycemia until the operation. For treatment and diagnosis, surgical resection of the tumor and total hysterectomy were performed. The specimen was noted to have epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Hypoglycemia-related symptoms disappeared after surgical resection was performed.

Original Article

A Retrospective Review of the Effectiveness of Recombinant Human TSH-Aided Radioiodine Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.: Min Ah Na, Sun Hae Shin, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Joo Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(4):274-280. Published online August 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.4.274

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) as an adjunct to radioiodine (RI) treatment of a differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical response rates of DTC patients treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal and compared with those after rhTSH stimulation. METHOD: We included the patients treated with RI for locally recurrent DTC from February 1, 2002 to August 31, 2005 and followed with diagnostic studies at our hospital. Forty totally (or near totally) thyroidectomized adults were included in this study. Nine patients underwent RI treatment after rhTSH stimulation while euthyoid on L-thyroxine (LT4), and 31 patients were treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal. The clinical response was defined as >25% decrease in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level on LT4 3 months after the RI treatment. RESULTS: In each group, serum Tg levels were significantly decreased 3 months after the RI treatment. And we found that 77.8 and 71.0% of those prepared by rhTSH and LT4 withdrawal, respectively, had clinical responses 3 months after the RI treatment by our criteria and there was no significant difference in response rates between two groups (P=0.238). CONCLUSIONS: Given the biases that exist in retrospective studies, at the current time we cannot recommend the routine use of rhTSH to prepare RI treatment of DTC. However, our study provided preliminary evidence that rhTSH effectively aided RI treatment of DTC at least to an equivalent degree as LT4 withdrawal.

Case Reports

A Case of Thyroid MALT Lymphoma without Autoimmune Thyroiditis.: Ok Nyu Kong, Sang Hyen Joo, Sun Hye Shin, Min Ah Na, Jun Hyeop An, Yang Ho Kang, Do Youn Park, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(3):268-272. Published online June 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.3.268

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Abstract PDF

A primary thyroid lymphoma is rare among all types of thyroid malignancy. Usually, a thyroid lymphoma is associated with underlying chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Recently, we experienced a primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma, with an incidental micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, but lacking evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. A female patient visited our hospital for further evaluation of a rapidly enlarging, painless thyroid mass which had been stable for 8 years. Lymphocytic thyroiditis or a lymphoma was suspected from fine needle aspiration performed at another hospital. The thyroid function test and other routine laboratory tests were normal. The histopathological findings after a total thyroidectomy revealed a MALT lymphoma with a micropapillary thyroid carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of a MALT lymphoma arising from the thyroid gland without evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in Korea

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Primary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of Thyroid with the Serial Ultrasound Findings
Eon Ju Jeon, Ho Sang Shon, Eui Dal Jung
Case Reports in Endocrinology.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Jong Ryeal Hahm
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 219. CrossRef

A Case of Adrenal Insufficiency Associated with Antiphopholipid Syndrome with SLE.: Sun Hye Shin, Jung Hee Kim, Jung Min Son, Jeong Su Kim, Min Ah Na, Yang Ho Kang, Ok Nyu Kong, Seok Dong Yoo, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):542-545. Published online October 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune disease that often develops antiphopholipid syndrome (APS). Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies are the hallmarks of APS. The hypercoagulable state in APS may lead to adrenal vein thrombosis, and subsquently lead to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. Adrenal hemorrhage is a very rare complication of APS. Although there have been some reports about adrenal hemorrhage associated with primary APS, adrenal hemorrhage associated secondary APS in SLE has not yet been reported. We describe the adrenal hemorrhage associated with secondary APS in SLE, and the patient which complained of general weakeness, nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hemorrhage, of both renal glands, and clinical features and immunological studies were consistent with APS in SLE. The acute adrenal insufficiency was much improved after the patient was treated with glucocorticoids

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